Nobody has a perfect past. And if you are reading this article, you may even have a criminal history.
When file a workers comp claim or a personal injury action based on another driver’s negligence, the defendant’s insurance company or third party claim adjuster (TPA) will investigate your background.
There are several reasons for this but the two main ones are: (1) to find a way to attack your credibility and likability, since many cases come down to this and (2) to find evidence of prior injuries to show that your current symptoms and disability are unrelated to the workplace accident or car crash.
The purpose of this article is to discuss how the insurer may use your criminal record to attack your credibility and likability and to defeat your claim or to justify a lower car accident settlement amount or jury award of damages. And how to overcome this insurance company tactic.
Though some insurers don’t like to admit it, people with a criminal past suffer legitimate injuries too. And should get fair compensation.
If you have any questions after reading this article, call me for a free consultation: (804) 251-1620 or (757) 810-5614. I help auto accident victims and injured employees get the personal injury and workers compensation settlements they deserve.
There are several ways a criminal past can hurt your personal injury case:
As a general rule, the more serious and recent your criminal conviction, the greater its potential impact on your personal injury case. A conviction from more than ten years ago is unlikely to have a major impact, especially if you show how you have turned your life around and become a law-abiding citizen the past few years.
When you are giving a deposition or answering written interrogatories as part of discovery in your workers compensation or personal injury case, the defense attorney will usually ask:
If you aren’t expecting these questions, they can come as a surprise and put you on the defensive. Especially since your criminal conviction is not relevant to your personal injury claim.
Fortunately, many states limit the admissibility of evidence of past criminal charges and convictions at trial. Virginia is one of those. And you may have no obligation to answer all or part of a question about your criminal record.
Rule 2:6909 of the Virginia Rules of Evidence allows an insurance company to try to use your criminal record to impeach your credibility. But with the following limitations:
If you hire an attorney after your auto accident, he should object to any questions that ask for these specifics and advise you not to answer.
In Himchak v. Rite Aid Corporation, VWC File No. 202-33-23 (July 24, 2001), the Virginia Workers Compensation Commission addressed how much information an injured employee has to disclose about past criminal convictions. It stated:
The Supreme Court of Virginia has spoken in regard to the use of evidence regarding prior felony convictions for impeachment of parties in civil cases. In Payne v. Carroll, 250 Va. 336, 461 S.E.2d 837 (1995), after conceding that the defense had the right to show the fact of conviction, the plaintiff argued that the defense could not show the nature of the felony. The Court wrote:
The issue framed in this appeal is one of first impression in this Court. Until now, we have considered the question of disclosure of prior felony convictions for impeachment purposes in criminal prosecutions and the question of limitations upon such disclosure.Now, we consider those questions in the context of civil proceedings. Code § 19.2-269, part of the criminal procedure title of the Code, provides that “[a] person convicted of a felony of perjury shall not be incompetent to testify, but the fact of conviction may be shown in evidence to affect his credit.” Construing a predecessor of that statute, former Code § 19.1-265, to determine the permissible scope of cross-examination of the accused in a murder trial, we said that “the fact of conviction of a felony may be shown by the Commonwealth, but the name of the felony, other than perjury, and the details thereof may not be shown.” Harmon v. Commonwealth, 212 Va. 442, 446, 185 S.E.2d 48, 51 (1971).
Payne v. Carroll, 250 Va. 336, 338-40, 461 S.E.2d 837, 838-39 (1995). See also CHARLES E. FRIEND, THE LAW OF EVIDENCE IN VIRGINIA, Section 4-4 (5th ed. 1999). The Supreme Court of Virginia has confirmed that the rules applicable to impeachment by prior convictions are equally applicable to criminal defendants and parties in a civil case.
If you want to maximize the value of your claim under workers comp or negligence and tort law, don’t ignore your criminal record. Instead, recognize how the defense attorney may use it against you and take steps to overcome this insurer tactic.
Common methods to minimize the effect of a criminal record include:
The best way to make sure your criminal record does not hurt your personal injury case is to develop all the evidence you need to prove your claim and to focus on organizing the facts so that you tell a clear story at trial.
If you are hurt at work or by someone else’s negligent driving, you should not be penalized just because you did something wrong in the past.
For help overcoming this potential defense to your claim and maximizing the amount of money you receive for your damages, call me today: (804) 251-1620 or (757) 810-5614. Come see why my colleagues and past clients have voted me one of the top personal injury and workers compensation attorneys in Virginia.